Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders; it includes all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. This neural science will help us to explain the activities of brain and spinal cord.
Neuropsychiatric
genetics deals with the genetic contribution and architecture of the entire
nervous system which in turn deals with neurological and psychiatric
disorders. Neuropsychiatric genetics will help us in getting newer pathways
and genomic mechanisms in order to treat these neurological and psychiatric
disorders.
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Neuro Pharmacogenetics
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Neurogenomics
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Genomic therapies
Cognitive
neuropsychiatry deals with research on cognitive disorders including
developmental disorders, psychiatric disorders such as dementia or
schizophrenia, functional neuroimaging and computational
neuropsychology. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry promotes the study of cognitive
processes from a neuropsychological perspective. Cognitive neuropsychiatry
represents a systematic and theoretically driven approach to explain clinical
psychopathologies in terms of deficits to normal cognitive mechanisms. A
concern with the neural substrates of impaired cognitive mechanisms links
cognitive neuropsychiatry to the basic neurosciences.
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Behavioral sciences
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Cognition Disorders
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Cognition therapies
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Current perspectives of Cognition
Clinical
Neuropsychiatry deals with the clinical aspects of Neurology and
psychiatry. Clinical neuropsychiatry is more concerned with Organic Mental
Illness that is abnormal function of a physiologically abnormal brain.
Various clinical researches are on-going to develop innovative techniques and
therapies to treat neurological
disorders which help in advancement of clinical neuropsychiatry.
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Clinical aspects in neuropsuchiatric research
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Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry
Clinical
Neuroscience deals with the overview of inborn errors of metabolism that
affecting the brain function that leads to the development of various neurodegenerative
disorders. The experts in the
clinical neurosciences undergoing through various clinical trials for the
treatment of stroke, epilepsy, movement
disorders, motor neurone disease and neurofibromatosis
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Clinical Neuroscience research programs
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Clinical Observation and testing
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Analytical Neurochemistry
Child
Neuropsychiatry is the overlap of neurology and psychiatry in children and
is dedicated to improving the care of infants, children and adolescents by
providing advanced treatments related to neurologic problems in children. Some
examples of childhood development conditions include attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, fetal alcohol syndrome, and
tic disorders.
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ADHD
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Learning Disorders
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Behavioral
Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medical science that deals with the better
understanding of Neuroscience
and behaviour and in other terms it is an understanding of brain-behavior
relationships and a clinical approach that transcends the traditional
perspectives of neurology and psychiatry. It mainly focuses on clinical and
pathological aspects of neural processes associated with mental activity,
cognitive functions, emotional states and social behaviour.
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Psycho Behavioral Therapy
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Behavioural aspects of Neuropsychiatry
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Neurological basis of Memory
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Impact of Syndromes and Diseases
Neuropsychiatry
is the interphase between psychiatry and neurology. Neuropsychiatry is a
specialized clinical, academic and scientific discipline with its field located
in the borderland territory between neurology and psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric
disorder is a blanket medical term that encompasses a broad range of
medical conditions that involve both neurology and psychiatry. Common neuropsychiatric
disorders include seizures, attention deficits, cognitive deficits, palsies,
uncontrolled anger, migraine headaches, addictions, eating disorders,
depression, and anxiety and others. Medications, psychological and/or psychiatric
therapy are common treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Specific
treatments will vary based on the precise cause, clinical presentation and
severity.
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Current & clinical perspectives
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Diagnosis & Treatment
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Perinatal Origins of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Immune Therapies
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Adverse Neuropsychiatric Reactions
Brain is the main controlling
centre of the human body. When brain is damaged, it can affect many different
things such as thoughts, memory, speech and movement. Various types of brain
disorders are affecting both children and adults which includes Alzheimer’s
Disease, Dementia, Brain Cancer, Epilepsy and Other Seizure Disorders,
Mental Disorders, Parkinson’s and Other Movement
Disorders, Stroke and Ischemic Attack.
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Types of Bran Disorders
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Causes and Symptoms
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Brain Neoplasms
·
Neurobiology of Brain Disorders
Addiction
is a more complex issue than drug abuse, because Addiction means not having
control over doing, taking or using something. At this point in the process,
the brain has been altered to crave the drug in order to function normally. As
tolerance continues to build, more and more of the drug will be required in
order to achieve the same results. This can quickly to lead to overdose,
especially with hard drugs and certain prescriptions.
Generally addictive
disorders are caused by various substances which include Alcohol, Caffeine,
Marijuana, Hallucinogens (PCP or LSD), Inhalants (glue, paint thinner), Opioids
(prescribed painkillers, heroin), Sedatives, hypnotics (sleeping pills),
anxiolytics (Xanax or Valium), Stimulants (meth, amphetamines, cocaine),
Tobacco and emerging drugs like K2 or bath salts.
·
Key parts of Addiction
·
Addiction includes
·
Neurobiology of Addiction
·
Genetic Factors
Sleep-related
eating disorder (SRED), also called nocturnal eating
syndrome, is a parasomnia is characterized by recurrent episodes of
consuming food, often high-calorie junk food during sleep. The foods consumed
during episodes of nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder are usually
high-fat, high-sugar “comfort” foods that people deny themselves during the
day. Confusion, disorientation, and an inaccurate or absent memory of the event
are components of SRED. Sleep-related
eating disorder can also have an impact on the health due to weight gain
and obesity from eating high-carbohydrate and high-fat foods. In some cases,
people with SRED have histories of alcoholism, drug abuse, and other sleep
disorders.
·
Causes of Sleep related eating disorders
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Symptoms of Sleep related eating disorders
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Diagnosis & treatment of SRED
·
Risk Factors and Complications of SRED
Neurodegenerative
diseases are defined as hereditary and sporadic conditions which are
characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. All neurodegenerative
disorders involve abnormal processing of neuronal
proteins. The aberrant mechanism can entail a misfolding of proteins,
altered post-translational modification of newly synthesized proteins, abnormal
proteolytic cleavage, anomalous gene splicing, improper expression, or
diminished clearance of degraded protein. Misprocessed proteins often
accumulate because the cellular mechanisms for removing them are ineffective. These
disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or
peripheral structures of the nervous
system.
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Parkinson’s disease
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Alzheimer’s disease
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Huntington’s disease
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Neuropsychology
is a specialty in professional psychology that applies principles of assessment
and intervention based upon the scientific study of human behaviour as it
relates to normal and abnormal functioning of the central nervous system. Neuropsychology
is the scientific discipline that brings together the fields of neurology and
psychology. Clinical
neuropsychologists are specialists who understand the cognitive, emotional
and behavioural effects of brain-based conditions such as dementia, stroke,
traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, autism-spectrum conditions, multiple
sclerosis and psychiatric disorders.
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Computational Neuropsychology
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Clinical Neuropsychology
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Cognitive Neuropsychology
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Neuropsychotherapy
·
Neuropsychopathology
Several
advanced technologies were developed in the treatment of neuropsychiatric
disorders.
Anatomical
and functional imaging and psychological research paradigms are generating
potentially useful data and these developments, as applied to aggressive
behaviour, basal ganglia disorders, and states of primary psychopathology.
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Linking Neurotransmitters to behaviour
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation
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Neuroleptics
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Personalized Medicine Advances
The
most common neuropsychiatric outcomes of stroke are depression, anxiety,
fatigue, and apathy, which each occur in at least 30% of patients and have
substantial overlap of prevalence and symptoms. Cerebrovascular
accident, cerebrovascular insult, brain attack sometimes results in poor
blood flow to the brain finally causes cell death this sudden change causes
Stroke. Stroke is of two types Ischemic and Hemorrhagic. Stroke
survivors are often affected by psychological
distress and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Clinical correlates of
post-stroke depression include severity of physical and cognitive
impairment as well as location of brain injury.
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Post Stroke psychosis
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Stroke Rehabilitation
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Neuroplasticity in stroke
·
Post stroke depression
Dementia
is not a specific disease. It's an overall term that describes a group of
symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills severe
enough to reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. A person
with dementia may also experience changes in their mood or behaviour. Vascular
dementia, which occurs after a stroke, is the second most common dementia
type. But there are many other conditions that can cause symptoms of dementia,
including some that are reversible, such as thyroid problems and vitamin
deficiencies. Dementia
is caused when the brain is damaged by diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease or
a series of strokes.
·
Various Stages of Dementia
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Vascular Dementia
·
Dementia Risk & Prevention
Psychosis
induced by structural brain changes. Emotional instability, irritability, angry
outbursts, and inattention are typical symptoms. At any time in the course of
the disease, memory, comprehension, ideation, and orientation may become
defective. Possible causes include alcohol, narcotics, trauma, syphilis, drugs,
poisons, chronic infections, encephalitis, and brain tumors, among many others.
Organic
Psychosis is a severe mental illness produced by damage to the brain, as a
result of poisoning, alcoholism, disease, etc
·
Familial Organic Psychosis
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Pathobiology and treatment of delusions
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Secondary Psychosis
·
Types of Organic Mental disorders
The
connection between autoimmune
dysfunction and psychiatric illnesses has been investigated for many years.
According to some studies, there may be a biological basis for certain
neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and chronic depression. In
accor that dance with the other research results, infection-triggered
autoimmune disorders may be the root cause of numerous neuropsychiatric
symptoms. The most common Autoimmune
psychiatric disorder is Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder.
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Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Infection-induced autoimmune disorders
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Immune Dysregulation in Bipolar disorders
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Neuropsychiatric Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
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Encephalopathy associated with Synaptic Antibodies
Neuropsychological
Assessment comprises of a series of neuropsychometric tests. These tests
measure a wide range of abilities to determine an individual strength and
weakness. Neuropsychological
tests are designed to examine a variety of cognitive abilities, including
speed of information processing, attention, memory, language, and executive
functions, which are necessary for goal-directed behavior. Neuropsychological
testing is also an important tool for examining the effects of toxic
substances and medical conditions on brain functioning.
·
Neuropsychological tests
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Purpose & Goals of Neuropsychological Assessment
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Clinical Applications
·
Progression of Neuropsychological Assessment
Neuropsychiatric symptoms constitute a major
challenge for patients with neurogenetic disorders. The impact of
neuropsychiatric symptoms on patients and surrounding people is huge and lead
to poor medical and functional outcomes. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have both
physical and physiological effects on caregivers. Neuropsychiatric
symptoms differ from early stage to later stage of disease progression and
they are difficulty concentrating, depressed mood, anxiety, suspiciousness,
ongoing unusual thoughts and beliefs, Bipolar disorder, Eating disorder,
auditory hallucination, Visual hallucination, Schizophrenia, Obsessive-compulsive
disorder, Depression.
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Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
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Managing Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
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Neuroanatomical Correlates
The Neuropsychological
Rehabilitation Service deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive
disorders due to brain damage. The neuropsychological rehabilitation is aimed
at patients with brain injury or suffering from neurodegenerative
diseases. The aim of neuropsychological rehabilitation is to enable people
with cognitive, emotional, or behavioural deficits to achieve their maximum
potential in the domains of psychological, social, leisure, vocational or
everyday functioning. The process of rehabilitation is based on the biological
concept of neuroplasticity. In simple words, neuroplasticity
is the brain’s ability to reorganise its structure by adapting to changes and
demands of the environment around it.
· Design of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
· Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Models
· Neuropsychological Rehabilitation programs
Neuropsychopharmacology
is an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology and fundamental
neuroscience. It can be defined as the study of the neural mechanisms that
drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of
neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states
of consciousness. It combines neuroscience with the science of
psychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology focuses in neuropathology,
pharmacodynamics, and states of consciousness. Neuropsychopharmacological
research addresses neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with illness, which
include mood changes, apathy, aggression and cognitive changes. These are
common sequelae, or consequences, of many central nervous system disorders,
such as dementia, traumatic
brain injury, cerebrovascular disease and stroke.
·
Psychoneuro endocrinology
·
Paediatric Neuropsychopharmacology
·
Antipsychotics
Cognitive
impairment causes cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed
by the individuals experiencing them or to other people, but the changes are
not severe enough to interfere with daily life or independent function. It
means they have trouble with things like memory or paying attention. They might
have trouble speaking or understanding. And they might have difficulty
recognising people, places or things, and might find new places or situations
overwhelming.
·
Cognitive Impairment disorders
·
Causes and effects of Cognitive Impairment
·
Cognitive impairment test
·
Cognitive impairment statistics
Neuroimmunology
and neuroinflammation comprises of the discovery of new antibody-associated
diseases of both central and peripheral nervous systems and the development of
a new medicinal subspeciality entitled autoimmune neurology. These are fueling
excitement and attracting increasing numbers of clinical and basic investigators
to these disciplines.
Neuroinflammation
comprises biochemical and cellular responses of the nervous system to injury,
infection or neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a complex
biological response involving many signaling proteins, receptors, and cell
types. Neuroinflammation arises from a combination of responses from resident
glial cells in the central nervous system, which include microglial cells, oligodendrocytes,
astrocytes and other related brain cells.
·
Neuroimmunological Diseases
·
Immuno regulation in Neurological Diseases
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Clinical Neuroimmunology
·
Neurodegeneration-induced neuroinflammation
Brain
imaging has become a core technical element of the clinical work-up in
patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases including nervous system
manifestations of systemic diseases. Neuroimaging helps to understand how the
brain and the other parts of the nervous system work and what structural or
functional alterations may be associated with a given clinical presentation of
a disease or medical condition. Applied
Neuroimaging is largely focused on understanding the contribution of
subcortical brain systems to cognitive and affective behaviour.
·
Neuro imaging methods & Applications
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Neuroimaging Strategies
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Functional Neuroimaging
·
Neuroimaging Datascience
Neuromuscular
disorders are acquired or inherited (genetic) conditions that affect the
functioning of the muscles. Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that
control voluntary muscles and the nerves that communicate sensory information
back to the brain. Nerve cells send and receive electrical messages to and from
the body to help control voluntary muscles. Neuromuscular disorders tend to be
progressive in nature, and result in muscle weakness and fatigue. Some
neuromuscular disorders are present at birth, some manifest in childhood, and
others have an adult onset. The disease may be genetically passed down or due
to a spontaneous genetic mutation, may be due to an abnormal immune
response, inflammation, poisoning, toxins or tumours.
·
Types of Neuromuscular disorders
·
Symptoms of Neuromuscular disorders
·
Diagnosis & Treatment of Neuromuscular disorders
·
Neuromuscular junction diseases
Neuro?oncology
is a subspecialty that is concerned with the treatment of both primary and
metastatic brain tumors, spinal cord disorders related to cancer and treatment,
paraneoplastic disorders affecting the nervous system, as well as cancer
treatment?related complications that pertain to the central and peripheral
nervous system. This field comprises of glial neoplasms, non?glial tumors,
metastatic tumors, and paraneo?plastic complications relevant to the nervous
system. Neuro
surgical oncology deals with the study of surgeries for the treatment of
various brain and spinal
tumors.
·
Brain Tumors
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Spinal Tumors
·
Neuro Oncology Treatments
·
Related Conditions
Reconstructive
surgery can help repair the part of your body that is affected from any of
these issues.
Breast reconstruction or reduction. These
procedures are available for women who have undergone a mastectomy or for women
who have abnormally large breasts that are causing back problems or other
related health issues; men also undergo breast reduction.
Surgeries for feet and hands. This surgery is
available for people affected by any number of maladies, including tumors
(cancerous and non-cancerous) and webbed or extra toes or fingers. People also
can receive treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Wound care. For individuals who have been
severely burned or cut, skin grafts or other reconstructive techniques are
available.
Microsurgery or flap procedures. These
surgeries can be performed to replace parts of the body affected by injury or
disease, such as cancer.
Facial surgeries. These can be performed to
correct facial defects such as cleft lip, breathing problems such as snoring,
or chronic infections, such as those that affect the sinuses.
The core objective in drug design is to foresee whether a given particle will bind to a target and if so how unequivocally. Molecular mechanics or molecular dynamics are commonly used to predict the conformation of the little particle and to model conformational changes in the biological targets that may happen when the little molecules ties to it.
Regulatory Affairs has a very specific meaning within the healthcare industries. Its regulations are for systematic manufacturing and marketing of safe, efficacious and qualitative drugs. Improving new regulations and adapting to the technology regulatory affairs set new goals and challenges to the pharmaceutical formulation.
The market is expected to expand at a substantial 11.5% CAGR from 2015 to 2023 and rise to a valuation of US$5.7 billion by 2023.
Pharmaceutics 2020 is a global platform to discuss with new innovative techniques, and also learn about research Advances in Drug Targeting and Design, Drug Delivery Research, Pharmaceutical Technology, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Pre-formulation & formulation studies, Bio pharmaceutics and Biologic Drugs.
Digital health, or digital healthcare, is a broad, multidisciplinary concept that includes concepts from an intersection between technology and healthcare. Digital health applies digital transformation to the healthcare field, incorporating software, hardware and services. Under its umbrella, digital health includes mobile health (mHealth) apps, electronic health records (EHRs), electronic medical records (EMRs), wearable devices, telehealth and telemedicine, as well as personalized medicine. Stakeholders in the digital health field include patients, practitioners, researchers, application developers, and medical device manufacturers and distributors. Digital healthcare plays an increasingly important role in healthcare today.
